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immunostimulación

Immune ® 17.5 in Canarios

Immune is

Laboratory an immunostimulant Calier specially prepared for poultry.

Composition:

• inactivated cells of Propionibacterium acnes: 0.17 mg.
• Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli: 0.05 mg.
• Timeroral: 0.10 mg.
• Excipients: 1 ml.

Immunological properties :

The LPS from E. coli activates macrophages, induces the response B-lymphocyte proliferative and differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies. Propionibacterium has the ability to induce cellular immunity.

• immunity by stimulating the nonspecific immune response, the first line of defense, increasing macrophages and heterophils.
• active immune specific immune response (humoral and cellular response), increasing the number of lymphocytes T and B.
• stimulates mucosal immunity at (MALT and GALT), increasing the secretion of IgA.
• stimulates the maturation of the immune system of newly hatched chicks, enabling the cell to carry out their duties.
• increases the efficiency of antibiotic treatments.
• optimize the response to vaccinations.

  Target species : Poultry production.

  
  17.5 IMMUNE improves the immune status of birds vaccinated against Marek's disease when applied in a range of up to three weeks after vaccination.
  Increases the rate of protection of birds vaccinated against infectious bursal.
  reduces mortality, clinical symptoms and / or injury caused by the virus of Marek's disease. Reduce injuries and the deterioration of the zootechnical parameters produced by infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Reduces mortality and the deterioration of the zootechnical parameters produced by Leukosis virus type J. Reduces injuries caused by infectious bursal disease virus. IMMUNE
  17.5
  recommended in critical periods of the productive life of the birds, when under stress and are more susceptible to infectious diseases.

  
  Contraindications: None reported
  .

  
  

  suppression Time:

  Zero days. Also it would not be applicable in ornithology sports.

  
  

  Dispensing extrapolated canaries:

  • first week of life together with the pasta for breeding. high doses.
  • Every time I give antibiotic treatment, with the aim of strengthening it for the duration of treatment. Average dose.
  • prophylactically to every month for 2-3 days. Low dose. Preparation
  • players, 2-3 first-day pairings. High dose.
  • stressful situations, 2-3 days. Low dose. Preparation
  i
  • back contests, 2-3 days. Low dose.
  Post
  • smallpox vaccination, 2-3 days. Average dose.
  • smallpox outbreak, 3-5 days. Very high dose.

  
  

  
  

  High dose 0.70 ml 0.17 ml

  	Dose liters	Dose 250 ml	Dosis70 ml
  Low dose	0.25 ml	0.06 ml	0.017 ml
  Average dose	0.50 ml	0.12 ml	0.03 ml
  	0.66 ml	0.16 ml	0.04 ml
  high dose			0.05 ml

  
  

  
  

  Note experience.

  The product should be stored in a refrigerator keeping their properties until the expiration date. The birds must consume during the first two hours after administration, and it is losing effectiveness. A production chickens are subjected to restrictions of water the day before, which complicates the management and further considering that they really are our pets and enjoy and, at least to me, not me like restricting access to water every evening for who are thirsty in the morning for several days. What I have done is to use a dose of 1 ml / liter of water, ie a bit higher than in the table attached as high. This medicated water properties remain a bit more time without having any undesirable effect.

Sharp Pulsalting Pain On Top Of Foot

Some drugs to prepare for the breeding season in carnivores

Response to the question I did Francis Thomas, creator of avian management programs and SicoGen SicoCria on the preparation for breeding after the demise of market Seridone Latac.

Hi Paco,

The Seridone, was basically to clear Salmonella and has withdrawn from the market to bring Furazolidone, a substance banned because of its oncogenic effects.

to prepare couples for breeding and cleaning of Salmonella can use Enrofloxacin (200mg/litro 200mg/Kg water and paste if you agree) or doxycycline (200 mg / liter of water and 1000 mg / kg pasta). During the first week of life also can use either incorporating them in the pasta, at higher doses as it is in the blog.

To control coccidiosis can use "Toltrazuril" (Trade name Baycox Laboratory Bayer) or Clazuril (for pigeons) Esteve laboratories. Are also useful sulfonamides, I occasionally give them a pass "Cunitotal" Esteve laboratories (Composition: Ftalilsulfatiazol and sulfadimethoxine) dose 2.5 ml / liter of water. Within the group of sulfonamides is the Septrin of enhanced human. The Baycox is only effective, but more effective against the Cunitotal Cocco and also covers many bacteria.

It is helpful to acidify the drinking water with vinegar, also the bathroom. An acid medium combat the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and promotes the development of probiotic lactobacilli present in we provided the birds. These lactobacilli help keep the pH and therefore compete with Salmonella, E.coli, Klebsiella, etc.. The dose of vinegar (preferably apple) is one tablespoon per quart of water. There is a laboratory product Calier with acetic acid and propionic acid for this purpose, which I find very interesting but I have not tried yet. I will soon. The low pH also inhibits the proliferation of "Macrorhabdus ornithogaster" macrobacteria misnamed because they are unicellular fungi (yeasts).

I enclose the translation into Catalan SicoGen.

hope that the information will be useful.

Many thanks.

Rafael Mendieta.

Should I Use A Colour Match Wax

plaque

tion The accumulation of plaque and tartar on carnivores. Periodontal disease.

dental cleaning The name is misleading in the sense of interpretation. This is not a cosmetic procedure, but a hygienic procedure, plaque and tartar are highly charged with bacteria, as well as a prophylactic procedure, as that their evolution is the progressive destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone resorption gradually (see figures), with the result of pyorrhea and loss of teeth. It is also a painful disease for the animal.
Another important consideration is that the bacteria in plaque and more in the case of pyorrhea are absorbed into the bloodstream (bacteremia) with special tropism for infecting cord atrio-ventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral). In more severe cases can cause septicemia, settling bacteria in any organ (liver, kidney, etc.) other than the heart.
is therefore a hygienic and prophylactic process can not be done anyway. It is first to remove the accumulated material and secondly to avoid and / or slow down the further accumulation.
The scale is firmly attached to tooth enamel introduced, also in the gingival margin by creating the so-called "pockets." If you just pulled out, aesthetically as thick, will be inevitably remains on the plate which will set from the time of the intervention.
is not enough sedation. General anesthesia is essential. This general anesthesia can not be any anesthesia because the ultrasound equipment that help us to remove scale, in order not to raise the temperature and the resulting tooth pulp-root necrosis, permanent project a small spray of water. If we have the animal anesthetized, the reflection will disappear swallowed and therefore to avoid the risk of swallowing water diverted into the trachea to drown the patient. This requires intubation with a tracheal tube.
normally animals to be subjected to this treatment are animals of a certain age, usually small breeds with different concurrent conditions. Anesthesia therefore must be adapted to each animal. We apply pre-anesthetic: acepromazine, dexmedetomidine, diazepam (Valium ®) or buprenorphine, according to each patient.
All anesthetics may produce bradycardia (slowed heartbeat) is resolved or prevented by atropine. Also always inject the anesthesia pre meloxicam (Metacam ®) for preventing the pain to maintain anesthetic level with less dosage and painless recovery.
Anesthesia order to intubate the animal, we make small and precise with intravenous doses of propofol lipuro, be sufficient to intubate, and maintenance is performed in all cases with isoflurane, administered from the vaporizer with oxygen, maintaining patient in a deep anesthetic plane no, but shallow enough for this intervention. Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent with maximum security and rapid elimination by airway, without requiring metabolism by the liver, as with other volatiles. Recovery is quick. During anesthesia we monitored physiologic parameters 9.
A pesar de que los ultrasonidos son el método más eficaz para la eliminación del sarro, quedan erosiones   y   fragmentos microscópicos del mismo que hay que eliminar. Para ello usamos una turbina equipada con una copa de goma y procedemos a un pulido del esmalte. Tras el pulido aplicamos, con la misma turbina una capa de protección (Oravet® de laboratorios Merial) que durante dos semanas impide el contacto del esmalte incluso con el agua y saliva, como si de una funda de silicona se tratase. Para que esta aplicación sea efectiva el diente tiene que estar completamente seco, cosa que were obtained by projecting a jet of compressed air to expel any water (not useful gauze or paper towel.) This procedure is the only ensures Oravet ® adhesion to enamel and allows inflamed gums recover their physiological position. Tractrectomía process occurs and a prophylactic treatment. Requires the willingness to do well, especially time and proper equipment.
If the status of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone resorption are well advanced in some parts, if they move or the tube is passed through the roots of premolars and molars, in short if you have pyorrhea, the whole process of the short will be useless, so these most affected teeth should be removed to prevent relapses in the short term and the resulting chronic pain in animals.

Rafael Mendieta

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Virus Diseases of Canaries (Serinus canaria) Main

viral diseases of canaries (Serinus canaria)

1. Poxvirus or SMALLPOX:

is a very common disease in Canaries and other finches. This is a very important disease for the havoc that occurs in an aviary. If transmission is through blood-sucking insects (insects and mites). Transmission can also occur through contact with sick birds or through the material and objects of the aviary. Do not forget the hands of canaricultor. It is more common in summer but can not be excluded any time of year. The disease develops at any age but are more susceptible young people, especially those under three weeks.

can occur in three ways, most of the birds may have the cutaneous form, but the canaries usually present as diphtheroids or septicemic, with high mortality.

The cutaneous have injuries in the legs, eyes, nostrils and beak as these are the areas most likely to be bitten. Begins with papules, vesicles, and finally becomes crusty. Mortality in this presentation is not too high.

diphtheroids in the form lesions appear on the tongue, pharynx and larynx. This is fibrinous or caseous lesions of gray or brown. The affected birds have dyspnea (difficulty breathing).

The septicaemic presentation is most common in canaries. The affected birds have a lot of dyspnea (difficulty breathing), lethargy and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of mucous membranes). They can not eat or drink and mortality can be 90 to 100%.

prophylaxis. There is only one live attenuated vaccine-P Poulvac CANARY ® marketed only in Belgium and Italy. Should never be used a vaccine intended for other species as there is a lot of specificity and would muy contraproducente ya que extenderíamos la viruela por todo el aviario y convertiríamos en portadores a todos los pájaros. El método de aplicación se basa en atravesar la membrana alar con dos lancetas paralelas y ranuradas (para retener el líquido), que vienen en el envase, impregnándolas previamente en la solución vacunal que habremos preparado mezclando, con una jeringuilla estéril, el disolvente con el liofilizado, tal como indican las instrucciones. Al cabo de una o dos semanas aparece un pequeño granuloma en el punto de inoculación, signo evidente de que la vacuna está dando resultado. La inmunidad ideal se alcanza entre las dos y cuatro semanas. Es muy interesante esterilizar con una llama las lancetas entre bird and bird. Allow to cool before re-immersed in the vaccine, not off. Nor is it desirable, for the same danger of disabling the use of alcohol or other disinfectants. One vaccination a year is enough, but is also very advisable to do it twice before and when you finish playing. There is a trick for a bottle (50 doses) fester full and deposit the solution into a tube Ependorf with inverted cone shape. To vaccinate the English Canary Island Race, Debir to its small size and not to injure a muscle, I do it by removing one of the two prongs.

Treatment. There is no treatment for the septicemic form. For the cutaneous form can be applied touches of povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine and antibiotic eye drops without steroids. Above all wash your hands thoroughly and disinfected after handling, with a derivative of quaternary ammonium because of the danger of transmitting the disease to other individuals.

In these cases of cutaneous presentation or diphtheria is desperately needed emergency vaccination around the aviary, remembering very sterilization of the lancet as I mentioned before, between bird and bird.

administration of immunostimulants and multivitamins for 4-5 days may help.

2. Polyomavirus

mortality has been reported in canaries and other finches due to polyomavirus. It can affect people of any age. There are 20 variants of this virus. The symptoms are fairly nonspecific symptoms can include rapid death, embolism, poor plumage, weakness, abdominal bleeding beak to feed on the survivors. There are diagnostic tests for viral DNA in psittacine polyomavirus but it is not useful for finches, so the diagnosis can only be made by autopsy.

prophylaxis. We find the same problem as with the specific diagnosis, there is an effective vaccine in psittacine but ineffective in canaries. There is no treatment. We can only help by inmuestimulantes and control of other general diseases. For polyomavirosis diagnosed in an aviary it is advisable to rule out a breeding season.

3. paramyxovirus

There are nine variations of this virus, but only cause disease in Passeriformes serotypes: PMV-1, PMV-2 and PMV-3

· PMV-1. Symptoms can include diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, neurologic signs and sudden death.

· PMV-2. not produce significant symptoms and is endemic in the North African finches.

· PMV-3. This is the most common serotype. The most affected species belonging to exotic African and Australian (watch the aviaries with different species). The symptoms may include conjunctivitis, anorexia, diarrhea, dyspnea and torticollis.

4. HERPESVIRUS

herpesvirus gives less problems than other birds finches. Could cause hepatic necrosis, splenic necrosis and necrosis of the bone marrow.

5. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

cause intense pseudo-sinblefaron conjunctivitis (eyelid glued) to severe generalized disease with high mortality in exotic African and Australian . Not reported its presence in the Canaries, but is important because it can be confused with smallpox.

6. PAPYLLOMAVIRUS

is characterized by the appearance of wart-like masses on foot and toe of canaries. The "warts" can grow and cause problems with the rings. Lesions may appear also in the corners of the beak and head. Be confused with smallpox, scabies of the legs and hyperkeratosis by blood.

7. CIRCOVIRUS

Also called "Point Disease black "or" Black spot Disease ", was first described in the last decade of the twentieth century in cell cultures of pork, pig and poultry farms eventually. The disease mostly affects infants and young a few days and associated with a high mortality. The most visible sign is a black spot on the right side of the abdomen that corresponds with inflation and congestion of the gallbladder. The chicks are pale yellow. Usually die between birth and two days after banding. The virus affects the lymphoid organs, particularly thymus and bursa of Fabricius preventing the development and activation B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages, and being affected immunity. Some canaries that pass this first stage may be lethargic, with poor plumage, weight loss or weight gain and fall prey to secondary infections because of their immunodeficiency. I managed, in fact standard practice, broad-spectrum antibiotic paste calf (Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Quinolones, etc.) to prevent secondary bacterial infections. I personally use a quinolone (enrofloxacin). See Major infectious and parasitic drugs in this Blog.

immunostimulants also and multivitamins be of great help.

The differential diagnosis should include Atoxoplasma, (also gives Black Point) and avian Plasmodia and Malaria.