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Just these days to produce the solstice winter, the shortest day of the year. It is worth taking a look at the article "The light in the aviary, where there is a link to the official website of the Ministry of Public Works which contains the times of sunrise and sunset the sun in all provincial capitals. We can be useful if we want to advance the breeding season. Also in the same article there is information on how to illuminate the bird.

Happy Winter Solstice, Merry Christmas and prosperous 2011 for everyone.

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Winter Solstice Light in the aviary

has always been known that light is a very important sport in ornithology. It depends a good percentage of successful breeding .

There are three aspects of light to consider:

photoperiod.
Quality.
Quantity.

1. Photoperiod:

During the breeding birds we must try to 15 hours of light and 9 hours of darkness. In winter, as we latitudes 8 to 10 h. natural light. To reach these ideals 15 hours depends on the brightness of our aviary and if we advance or not breeding. There are breeders that photoperiod increase very rapidly once the winter solstice, but it is best to get 4-5 minutes 15 hours daily increasing, accounting for 24-35 minutes per week for 2 months. There are automatic mechanisms in the market that you know all too well.

If Our aviary is naturally lit and do not want to accelerate the entry, but the light enters through a window and the sun does not give in every corner of the aviary, we'll just take into account the quality and quantity of light.

During the night is very interesting to be left on a low energy lamp, with 7-10 W. will not affect the photoperiod and instead provide enough light to find the nest hasty exit if (thunderstorms, fireworks, etc.).

You can view the natural photo of your province on the website of the Ministry Development. Click here

2. Quality:

usually a matter of consumption have been used fluorescent lamps. Go perfectly, but have the disadvantage of strobe effect, ie does not produce constant light due to its frequency characteristics , but apparently we do not notice it, but if you notice the birds and some, especially those which are more nervous ( wild and exotic) can be negatively excited. To see the strobe light source can look at the mobile phone camera, you will observe this phenomenon perfectly.

incandescent lamps do not have this effect, but its consumption is much higher. To minimize the effect may use several fluorescent strobe (will mate with each other) and / or combined with incandescence.

Another important consideration is the color of light, or color temperature measured in degrees Kelvin (° K). The lower the color temperature, the light will be warmer:

· Incandescent: 2700 ° K.

· Fluorescent and energy saving lamps warm: 3000 ° K.

· Fluorescent and energy saving bulbs cool white, 4000 ° K.

· Fluorescent Daylight: 5000 ° K.

· Fluorescent cold light of day: 6500 ° K.

· -white fluorescent light: 7000 ° K.

is the ideal temperature of 6500 ° K as it has been reported to produce a certain amount of ultraviolet light. While those of 7000 ° K produced a white color, but give less lux and provide no UV.

are commercially available, although hard to find, special lighting for aquariums, terrariums and specific birds ( Arcadia Bird Lamp ®) that provides 6500 ° K light and adequate proportion of UVA and UVB. The tanks are usually of small size (low lux) and terrarium emit excess UVB.

3. Quantity:
The amount of light is measured in "lumens " and "lux" (1 lux = 1 lumen / m²), with the lux lumens per unit area. Necessary, during breeding, from 500 to 1000 lux. The ideal light, solar, provides about 100,000 lux. It is a composite light across the spectrum: visible, infrared (IR-A, IR-B IR-C) and ultraviolet (UV-A and UV-B).

We must not confuse the color temperature to the ambient temperature. This, here in Europe, measured in degrees Celsius or Centigrade (° C). The temperature on the breeding season must be over 15 ° C and below 35 ° C. Moisture in the aviary during the breeding should be between 60 and 80% relative humidity. This aspect of moisture greatly influences the incubation and hatching.

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Protecting your own and others' privacy: a right and an obligation

A growing number of reports on violations of rules concerning the privacy of the citizen is collected each week by the media. A woman will be tried for publishing a nude photograph of a friend in the profile of your Messenger account, facing a possible prison sentence. A father is convicted as tort of guilt in watching, to pay the damages or injury caused by his son to publish and promote the network taunts Tuenti on the picture of a stranger, also lower. Such cases it is logical to ask whether, to avoid such disasters, people are in the hands of will or negligence of the offender, or if applicable law is inadequate, inefficient, inaccurate. Certainly not, depending on the case for a greater or lesser extent, the victim may not have diligently managed care or personal data, privacy and privacy. By Internet

produce much of these offenses, a row of huge daily use of chats, social networking and other means of expression , so desirable in themselves to the development and growth of the Information Society, and society itself, as potentially harmful if they are used incorrectly. One area in which the inappropriate use of these means reveals more damaging is undoubtedly that of the individual's privacy. Spain has a comprehensive and rigorous regulations regarding data protection and protection of the right to honor, personal privacy and self-image, a sufficiently strong policy to deal effectively possible attacks on citizen's privacy. This regulation and the work doctrinal and jurisprudential studies and applies the remedy contemplated and the dangers that threaten the user from the moment you access to a chat or a forum of opinion, published his personal information or opinions in a blog , or transfer your data to a network operator. Are frequent cases of non-consensual transfers of data, identity theft, harassment or cyberbullying, grooming to minors via the Internet, and proliferate on the Web publications tricks or backdoors to get to see data from other social networking sites without his consent ... The current legislation is set to give correct response to these cases and effective protection of the personal sphere of the individual.

Why, then, these cases continue to occur? First of all, each user is responsible for their actions both on the communications of its data or information, such as the respect of another's privacy, and this is true for every sphere of external action of the individual, either through Internet or any other medium. Only the individual knows exactly what, as he himself determines the limits of their private sphere, and in his hands is so close the last door to outside attacks that privacy. Therefore, no regulations, existing or future, may ensure the protection of privacy of individuals, and are in vain security measures implemented in networks and platforms, if no user created a firm and constant determination: to respect the privacy of others, remain alert to possible interference with own private sphere, to control each communication of your information and personal data and ensure that these are produced by means consistent with optimal protection of your own privacy.

Image shared by Benjamin Earwicker, Boise, Idaho, USA

Article published in Abanlex Lawyers Blog , http://www.abanlex.com/

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Black Spot Disease or Black Spot in Canarios

sickness "black spot" or " black spot" is the disease that has given me more trouble as it comes just at the time of maximum satisfaction of the aviary, the birth of chicks and sometimes when I have them saved, die after banding to our disappointment.

The name comes from the black dot shows the chicks, some, many already at birth, which is given by congestion and inflammation of the gallbladder. For this very reason have a pale yellowish color due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. In the legs and the mouth is where the most noticeable pallor jaundice and if not dead on the first day, parents do not interpret those mouths the same way as the red of healthy chickens, so they are not encouraged to feed them.

may be due to two pathogens, Circovirus (virus) and Atoxoplasma (coccidia). Both diseases have ubiquity and are therefore present in most aviaries.

Many authors recommend discarding specimens for breeding carriers, couples whose offspring have had "black spot" and obviously all the offspring. It poses a major problem: If it is a ubiquitous disease, if more than 80% of birds are carriers, "Where I provide my new site?

The challenge is, in my opinion, in trying to eradicate the disease in our aviary and we must try to understand the disease well.

• 1. CIRCOVIRUS:

first was described in the last decade of the twentieth century in pig cell cultures, in pig farms, in poultry farms and finally in parrots and canaries. In pigs produced enmagrecimiento or little development, chickens can also follow enmagrecimiento or feather problems and produces alterations in psittacine beak and plumage. It is a virus as most of them very specific for each species, the canary is the " Canary circovirus " first described in Germany (1995). It is spread by feces and secretions that contaminate cages, utensils and air aviary, as well as the hands of canaricultor .

disease, especially, affects infants and young a few days and associated with a high mortality. The most visible sign is a black spot on the right side of the abdomen which corresponds to an inflammation and congestion of the gallbladder. The chicks are pale yellow. Usually die between birth and two days after banding. The virus affects the lymphoid organs, particularly thymus and bursa of Fabricius preventing the development and activation of B cells, T cells and macrophages, and being affected immunity. Some canaries that pass this first stage may be lethargic, with poor plumage, weight loss or weight gain and fall prey to secondary infections because of their immunodeficiency. Can be given, in fact standard practice, broad-spectrum antibiotic paste calf (Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Quinolones , etc.) to prevent secondary bacterial infections. So far all of our disposal Tabernil Breeding ®, but legal issues have been eliminated tetracycline composition. We can continue using it as a multivitamin, but should complement it with antibiotics. We can not to lose the habits, supplementing with 300 mg of tetracycline per bag of 10 gr. We use a different antibiotic called tetracycline class Doxycycline either incorporating the Tabernil Breeding ® or with drinking water and toothpaste breeding. We must do both at once since being farmed mostly wet paste, with or without sprouts, parents ingest little water. See Major infectious and parasitic drugs in this Blog.

I personally use a quinolone (Enrofloxacin ) incorporating it into the pasta at the time of deposit in the biscuit.

multivitamin Also

( Tabernil Breeding ®, Promotor 43 ®, Total ® Tabernil among many others) and the immunostimulatory ( Immune 17.5 ®) will be of great help. * See in this blog.

• 2. ATOXOPLASMOSIS:

disease is a registered within coccidiosis. Some authors, so far, including within the genus Isospora (Serini Isospora ) but more and more authors mention gender as produced by Atoxoplasma . The main difference between the genus Isospora i the Atoxoplasma lies in its asexual reproductive cycle. While in the first, it all unfolds at the level of intestinal mucosa, in the case of Atoxoplasma develops a gut level.

The cycle is initiated by oral ingestion of oocytes . The oocytes sporozoites become that cross the intestinal wall and invaded by lymphocytes and macrophages parenchyma of various organs (lung, liver, pancreas, spleen, pericardium and intestinal eìtelio ). A wide multiplication by schizogony in these organs produces merozoites which migrate into the intestinal mucosa, which produces the sexual stage of the cycle generating oocytes that are eliminated in the feces and the ingestion closed loop.

The most affected individuals are between 2 and 9 months, embolados appearing weak and anorectics (no appetite). Diarrhea, sometimes with blood and hepatomegaly (liver growth) that makes the body visible bulges in the abdomen. May exhibit neurological signs (epileptic) and difficulty breathing .

El tratamiento consiste en la admistración de Toltrazuril ( Baycox ®), Clazuril ( Apertex ®) o sulfamidas potenciadas ( Cunitotal ® entre otras muchas). Se considera la Atoxoplasmosis como resistente al tratamiento. Esto es debido a su particular ciclo asexual en el parénquima visceral. Para intentar erradicarlo hay que hacer tratamientos de 3-5 días cada semana durante tres semanas.

• OBSEVACIONES PERSONALES:

En ambas enfermedades hay que tener mucho cuidado en hygiene and ventilation of the aviary, cage cleaning, avoid overcrowding of fish and use disinfectants, especially quaternary ammonium derivatives.

Some individuals are born with the disease, so I suggest that in fact the black dot that embitter the first days after hatching, is due to Circovirus. The Atoxoplasmosis affects birds a little older and is manifested by a congestion of the entire liver, not only of the gallbladder. The Circovirus since its first description, is the ogre modern pig and poultry farms, for which vaccines have been developed specific. In our case there is no will, for economic reasons, specific vaccines and the use of inter-specific principle would be very discouraged. One way to increase the immunity of birds is the use of immunostimulants β-glucans , vitamin C and other commercial products, caused by bacteria, such as Immune 17.5 ®. * See in this blog. They will not kill the virus but will help the birds to develop antibodies against it.